| Titre : | Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Bio-Composite Materials Based on Date Palm Fibers |
| Auteurs : | Abderrahmane SAHRAOUI, Auteur ; HECINI Mabrouk, Directeur de thèse |
| Type de document : | Monographie imprimée |
| Editeur : | Université Mohamed Kheider, 2026 |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Mots-clés: | Date Palm Fibers (DPFs), Gypsum, Bio-Composite Material, Size, Mass Ratio, Statistical Analysis, and Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO). |
| Résumé : |
Cette thèse de doctorat explore le développement et l'évaluation des performances des matériaux
bio-composites, notamment ceux renforcés par des Fibres de Palmier Dattier (FPDs) et du gypse. Elle étudie leur potentiel en tant qu’alternatives durables pour des applications d’ingénierie, notamment en construction et en isolation. Une approche systématique a été utilisée pour fabriquer des matériaux bio composites (GF.s.m) avec différentes tailles (s : I-III) de Fibres de Palmier Dattier (FPDs) et différents rapports massiques (m : 05-20 %) pour chaque taille. La thèse analyse en profondeur les propriétés mécaniques, physiques, thermiques, chimiques et morphologiques de ces matériaux bio-composites (GF.s.m). Les principaux résultats révèlent une relation inverse entre le rapport massique des Fibres de Palmier Dattier (FPDs) et leur taille, tout en soulignant les propriétés d'isolation thermique améliorées de ces Fibres de Palmier Dattier (FPDs). Une analyse statistique et des techniques D'optimisation Multi Objectifs (OMO) sont utilisées pour identifier les solutions de conception optimales pour les matériaux bio-composites. En définitive, cette thèse contribue à l'enrichissement des connaissances sur les matériaux bio-composites et démontre leur potentiel pour des applications écologiques et performantes dans les secteurs de la construction et de la fabrication. |
| Sommaire : |
Part 1
Literature Reviews Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter I Bio-composite Materials Introduction .................................................................................................................... 10 I.1. Definition of Composite Materials ......................................................................... 11 I.2. Types of Composite Material .................................................................................. 11 I.2.1. Nano-Based Composite Materials ............................................................................................. 12 I.2.2. Matrix-Based Composite Materials ........................................................................................... 12 I.2.3. Reinforcement-Based Composite Materials .............................................................................. 13 Summary V I.2.4. Bio-composite-Based Composite Materials ............................................................................... 14 I.3. Types of Bio-composite-Based Composite Materials ........................................... 14 I.4. Natural Fibers .......................................................................................................... 16 I.4.1. Definition of Natural Fibers ....................................................................................................... 16 I.4.2. Types of Natural Fibers.............................................................................................................. 17 I.4.3. Properties of Natural Fibers ....................................................................................................... 18 I.4.3.1 Physico-Mechanical Properties ............................................................................................ 19 I.4.3.2. Chemical Properties ............................................................................................................ 20 I.4.4. Extraction Methods of Natural Fibers ........................................................................................ 23 I.4.4.1. Fundamental Aspects of Extracting Natural Fibers for Using in Bio-Composite Materials ........................................................................................................................................................ .24 I.5. Manufacturing Methods of Bio-composite Materials .......................................... 25 I.5.1. Hand Lay-Up.............................................................................................................................. 26 I.5.2. Extrusion .................................................................................................................................... 26 I.5.3. Compression Molding ................................................................................................................ 27 I.5.4. Vacuum Infusion ........................................................................................................................ 28 I.5.5. Filament Winding ...................................................................................................................... 28 I.6. Applications of Use Bio-composite Materials ....................................................... 29 I.7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Bio-composite Materials .................... 31 I.7.1. Advantages of Using Bio-composite Materials ......................................................................... 32 I.7.2. Disadvantages of Using Bio-composite Materials ..................................................................... 33 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 35 Chapter II Date Palm Fibers and Gypsum in Bio-Composite Materials Introduction .................................................................................................................... 36 II.1. Definition of Date Palm Fibers .............................................................................. 37 II.2. Types of Date Palm Fibers .................................................................................... 38 II.3. Properties of Using Date Palm Fibers .................................................................. 39 Summary VI II.4. Extraction Methods of Date Palm Fibers ............................................................ 42 II.5. Applications of Using Date Palm Fibers .............................................................. 44 II.6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Date Palm Fibers in Bio-composite Materials .......................................................................................................................... 47 II.6.1. Advantages of Using Date Palm Fibers in Bio-composite Materials ....................................... 48 II.6.2. Disadvantages of Using Date Palm Fibers in Bio-composite Materials................................... 50 II.7. Definition of Gypsum ............................................................................................. 51 II.8. Types of Gypsum .................................................................................................... 52 II.9. Properties of Using Gypsum ................................................................................. 54 II.10. Extraction Methods of Gypsum .......................................................................... 57 II.11. Applications of Using Gypsum ............................................................................ 59 II.12. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Gypsum in Bio-Composite Materials .......................................................................................................................................... 61 II.12.1. Advantages of Using Gypsum in Bio-composite Materials ................................................... 61 II.12.2. Disadvantages of Using Gypsum in Bio-composite Materials ............................................... 63 II.13. Literature Investigations of Bio-composite Materials Composed of Palm Fibers and Gypsum ........................................................................................................ 65 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 73 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 74 Part 2 Experimental Study Introduction .................................................................................................................... 75 Chapter III Materials and Methods Introduction .................................................................................................................... 76 III.1. Materials ................................................................................................................ 76 III.1.1. Date Palm Fiber-Reinforcement .............................................................................................. 77 Summary VII III.1.2. Gypsum-Matrix ....................................................................................................................... 82 III.1.3. Bio-composite Material ........................................................................................................... 83 III.2. Method ................................................................................................................... 85 III.2.1. Experimental Tests .................................................................................................................. 85 III.2.2. Mechanical Tests ..................................................................................................................... 89 III.2.2.1. Flexural (3-Point) Test ...................................................................................................... 89 III.2.2.2. Compressive Strength Test ............................................................................................... 92 III.2.2.3. Brinell Hardness Test ....................................................................................................... 94 III.2.2.4. Charpy Impact Strength Test ............................................................................................ 96 III.2.3. Physical Tests .......................................................................................................................... 98 III.2.3.1. Bulk Density Test ............................................................................................................. 98 III.2.3.2. Water Absorption Test .................................................................................................... 101 III.2.3.3. Thickness Swelling Test ................................................................................................. 102 III.2.3.4. Moisture Content Test .................................................................................................... 105 III.2.4. Thermal Tests ........................................................................................................................ 106 III.2.4.1. Thermal Conductivity Test ............................................................................................. 106 III.2.5. Chemical Tests ...................................................................................................................... 110 III.2.5.1. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Test ..................................................... 110 III.2.5.2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Test ................................................. 112 III.2.6. Morphological Test ............................................................................................................... 114 III.2.6.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Test ................................................................... 114 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 114 Chapter IV Results and Discussions of Experimental Tests Introduction .................................................................................................................. 118 IV.1. The Results Organigram .................................................................................... 118 IV.2. Mechanical Results ............................................................................................. 122 IV.2.1. Flexural Strength and Modulus Results ................................................................................ 122 IV.2.2. Compressive Strength Results............................................................................................... 126 Summary VIII IV.2.3. Brinell Hardness Results ....................................................................................................... 130 IV.2.4. Charpy Impact Strength Results............................................................................................ 132 IV.3. General Mechanical Results .............................................................................. 135 IV.4. Physical Results ................................................................................................... 137 IV.4.1. Bulk Density Results ............................................................................................................. 137 IV.4.2. Water Absorption Results ..................................................................................................... 139 IV.4.3. Thickness Swelling Results .................................................................................................. 142 IV.4.4. Moisture Content Results ...................................................................................................... 144 IV.5. General Physical Results .................................................................................... 148 IV.6. Thermal Results .................................................................................................. 150 IV.6.1. Thermal Conductivity Results............................................................................................... 150 IV.6.2. Thermal Diffusivity Results .................................................................................................. 152 IV.6.3. Specific Heat Results ............................................................................................................ 154 IV.7. General Thermal Results ................................................................................... 157 IV.8. Thermo-Physical Results .................................................................................... 159 IV.8.1. Thermal Conductivity-Bulk Density Results ........................................................................ 159 IV.9. Chemical Results ................................................................................................. 161 IV.9.1. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Results ........................................................ 161 IV.9.2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Results .................................................. 166 IV.10. Morphological Results ...................................................................................... 168 IV.10.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Results................................................................... 168 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 171 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 178 Summary IX Part 3 Statistical Analysis and Optimization Study Introduction .................................................................................................................. 179 Chapter V Methods of Statistical Analysis and Optimization Introduction .................................................................................................................. 181 V.1. Data Collection ...................................................................................................... 181 V.2. Regression Models ................................................................................................ 183 V.3. Statistical Analysis ................................................................................................ 184 V.3.1. Estimated Coefficients (β) or (p) ............................................................................................ 184 V.3.1.1. General Method for Estimating Coefficients ................................................................... 184 V.3.1.2. Linear Model Coefficients Estimation ............................................................................. 185 V.3.1.3. Quadratic Model Coefficients Estimation ....................................................................... 186 V.3.1.4. Pure-Quadratic Model Coefficients Estimation ............................................................... 187 V.3.2. Standard Error (SE) ................................................................................................................ 188 V.3.3. t-Statistic (tStat) ...................................................................................................................... 189 V.3.4. p-Value (p-value).................................................................................................................... 190 V.4. Model Fit Statistics ............................................................................................... 192 V.4.1. Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) ........................................................................................ 192 V.4.2. R-squared (R²) ........................................................................................................................ 192 V.4.3. Adjusted R-squared (R Adj2) ................................................................................................. 194 V.4.4. F-statistic (F) .......................................................................................................................... 195 V.4.5. p-value for F-statistic .............................................................................................................. 196 V.5. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) .......................................................................... 197 V.5.1. Sum of Squares (SumSq) ....................................................................................................... 197 Summary X V.5.2. Number of Observations (n) ................................................................................................... 200 V.5.3. Degrees of Freedom (DF) ....................................................................................................... 201 V.5.4. Error Degrees of Freedom (df Error) ........................................................................................ 203 V.5.5. The Mean Squares (MeanSq) ................................................................................................. 203 V.5.6. The F-statistic (F) ................................................................................................................... 206 V.5.7. The p-value (p-value) ............................................................................................................. 208 V.6. Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) ............................................................... 210 V.6.1. Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 211 V.6.2. Pareto Optimality.................................................................................................................... 211 V.6.3. Pareto Front ............................................................................................................................ 212 V.6.4. Trade-off ................................................................................................................................. 213 V.7. MATLAB Code ..................................................................................................... 214 V.7.1. Measured Data ........................................................................................................................ 214 V.7.2. Design Matrices for Regression Models ................................................................................ 214 V.7.3. Regression Analysis Using Regress ....................................................................................... 215 V.7.4. Model Evaluation ................................................................................................................... 215 V.7.5. Predictions .............................................................................................................................. 215 V.7.6. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) .......................................................................................... 216 V.7.7. Final Output ............................................................................................................................ 216 V.7.8. Finale Code ............................................................................................................................. 216 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 218 Chapter VI Results and Discussions of Statistical Analysis and Optimization Introduction .................................................................................................................. 220 VI.1. Charpy Impact Strength .................................................................................... 221 VI.1.1. Statistical Analysis Results ................................................................................................... 221 VI.1.2. Models Fit Statistics Results ................................................................................................. 224 VI.1.3. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Results .............................................................................. 226 VI.1.4. The Predicted Results ............................................................................................................ 229 Summary XI VI.2. Water Absorption ............................................................................................... 232 VI.2.1. Statistical Analysis Results ................................................................................................... 232 VI.2.2. Models Fit Statistics Results ................................................................................................. 235 VI.2.3. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Results .............................................................................. 238 VI.2.4. The Predicted Results ............................................................................................................ 240 VI.3. Thermal Conductivity ........................................................................................ 243 VI.3.1. Statistical Analysis Results ................................................................................................... 243 VI.3.2. Models Fit Statistics Results ................................................................................................. 246 VI.3.3. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Results .............................................................................. 249 VI.3.4. The Predicted Results ............................................................................................................ 252 VI.4. Multi-Objective Optimization Results .............................................................. 255 VI.4.1. Optimization Objective ......................................................................................................... 255 VI.4.2. Pareto Optimal Solutions ...................................................................................................... 256 VI.4.3. Limiting Solutions ................................................................................................................. 259 VI.4.4. Best Compromise Solution ................................................................................................... 260 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 261 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 263 General Conclusion General Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 264 |
| Type de document : | Thése doctorat |
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| Cote | Support | Localisation | Statut | Emplacement | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Th/1441 | Thèse de doctorat | BIB.FAC.ST. | Empruntable | Magazin |
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